science

Fall fight takes leap forward

For many people, dizziness is not a fleeting sensation but a persistent and debilitating condition. Vertigo, imbalance and concussion-related symptoms affect an estimated 30% of the population and they increase with age.

For decades, patients have been given generalized exercises that may or may not help. For high-performance athletes, the consequences can be career-ending. For older adults, the costs can be even more serious, as falls remain a leading cause of injury and mortality.

The science of diagnosing inner-ear-related balance issues has progressed, but treatment has not similarly advanced. It is this unaddressed space – between diagnosis and meaningful treatment – that Dr. Eytan David encountered repeatedly over 25 years in practice.

Some young people collect stamps, others are into video games. For David, dizziness, vertigo and imbalance were early interests.

“The whole idea of what we call in science ‘sensory transduction’; that is, how physical phenomena in the outside world interact with our brain,” he explained.

photo - As Dr. Eytan David looks on, writer Pat Johnson tries out Bertec, a force-sensing platform and virtual reality system that measures how well a patient’s brain integrates signals from three sensory systems — As Dr. Eytan David looks on, writer Pat Johnson tries out Bertec, a force-sensing platform and virtual reality system that measures how well a patient’s brain integrates signals from three sensory systems – vision, the inner ear, and the body’s joint and pressure receptors – to maintain balance. *(photo by Audrey Chan)*

Senses conjure memories and emotions, he said, “like a smell will bring you back to your grandparents baking in the kitchen.”

“What is the chemical interaction that happens in the smell nerve, then interacts with the brain, that revives these memories?” David asked. “Similar things happen with vision and similar things happen with hearing. Properties of sound waves and that mechanical transduction into chemical and then nerve impulses was an interest of mine. On a very, very basic level, the inner ear is the ultimate original gyroscope. It is the reason why we’re able to stand upright and evolve out of the primordial slime. The idea of a gravity sensor and how that was so basic to brain function and out of which came hearing function was evolutionarily interesting to me.”

David came to Vancouver as a young child, when his American-Israeli parents moved here after studies in Oregon, where he was born. He attended Vancouver Talmud Torah and Eric Hamber Secondary School, then McGill University, before graduating from the University of British Columbia’s medical school, where he is now a clinical instructor.

His early interest in balance issues would eventually collide with a growing professional frustration. Over decades of practice, David saw patient after patient arrive with similar complaints – dizziness, vertigo, imbalance – and leave with limited options.

Even as diagnostic tools improved dramatically over the past two decades, allowing physicians to identify specific inner-ear dysfunctions with increasing precision, treatment methods lagged. Put plainly, medicine had advanced in its ability to identify the problem, but not to fix it.

Traditional rehabilitation for balance disorders has long relied on exercises such as standing on one leg or tracking a visual point while moving the head. These techniques, developed decades ago, can be effective in some cases, but are rarely tailored to the specific underlying cause of a patient’s symptoms. As a result, outcomes vary widely.

There had to be a better way, the doctor believed. During the COVID pandemic, while many people were withdrawing, David was beginning a research marathon that eventually led to StabilityLAB, his storefront clinic on West Broadway in Vancouver. StabilityLAB has already become one of Canada’s most advanced facilities for addressing vertigo, dizziness, concussions and balance disorders.

Every patient begins with a comprehensive baseline assessment – using virtual reality and advanced balance platforms to identify the underlying cause of symptoms. David’s diagnoses are grounded in objective, measurable science, which is a shift from the more subjective way things used to be done.

Using a force-sensing platform and virtual reality, the system, called Bertec, measures how well a patient’s brain integrates signals from three sensory systems – vision, the inner ear, and the body’s joint and pressure receptors – to maintain balance. By systematically removing or distorting each sensory input across six conditions, David can pinpoint which system is failing, rather than relying on a patient’s description of symptoms. A second test then maps how far and how confidently a patient can shift their body weight in eight directions, revealing asymmetries and neuromuscular weaknesses that may never show up on an MRI or standard physical exam. Together, the two assessments produce hard data where there was previously only guesswork, giving clinicians a precise, reproducible baseline to guide treatment and track recovery.

Originally developed for diagnostic purposes, the system allows clinicians to control both the physical and visual stimuli experienced by the patient.

Where others saw a diagnostic tool, David saw potential for solutions to what he and his colleagues were seeing in patients.

To prove his hypothesis, he began a five-year process of experimentation, iteration and validation – a research project layered onto an already demanding clinical practice. David effectively built a new therapeutic protocol from the ground up, using decades of clinical experience and his understanding of vestibular biology, the sensory network in the inner ear and brain that controls balance, spatial orientation and eye movement. The outcome was a new type of treatment: computerized vestibular retraining therapy. In a typical session, a patient stands on a platform that subtly – or, as I discovered, not so subtly – shifts or tilts while visual environments change around them.

In my firsthand experience with the process, the doctor harnessed me into the enormous half-egg device, then tracked my motion as I was surrounded by sometimes funhouse-like undulating lines projected on the inner wall. Then the floor moved beneath me. Then I was navigating an outdoor obstacle course. Then I was engaged in video game-like challenges.

It was fun, perplexing and fascinating. The science behind it, though, is absolutely serious.

According to data from David’s clinic, most patients experience reductions in dizziness and measurable improvements in balance function. Most importantly, there are significant decreases in fall risk among patients after the regimen of a dozen or so sessions.

More than 85% of patients show measurable improvement in balance and dizziness. Patients experienced a 47% reduction in fall risk. Dementia risk for patients with vestibular dizziness declined 8%. Studies found a 27% reduction in dementia risk and mortality from all causes when vertigo is treated using David’s system.

While the outcomes are dramatic, the remaining question is whether these improvements reflect compensation – relying more on vision or muscle awareness – or something deeper.

David’s research suggests the latter, that there is neuroplasticity in the vestibular system and it can be manipulated to heal. If confirmed through broader research, this would challenge a longstanding assumption that the inner ear has limited capacity for recovery once damaged.

General practitioners, ear, nose and throat specialists, and sports medicine doctors across Canada see these cases every day. What has been missing, David believes, is a reliable, evidence-based pathway to rehabilitation.

StabilityLAB, which opened in April 2025, represents an attempt to fill that gap – bringing technology used in advanced research environments into a clinical setting accessible to the public.

The system is currently unique in Canada, and the protocols developed by David and his colleagues are supported by peer-reviewed research. Expansion plans are already underway, beginning with Toronto.

Falls are a leading cause of injury worldwide, particularly among older adults. Dizziness is also associated with increased risk of dementia and early mortality. Even modest improvements in balance can translate into meaningful gains in independence, safety and quality of life. Measuring progress allows both doctor and patient to identify successes and challenges.

“For the first time, we’re able to drill down … and show people how they’ve done over time and whether they’re at risk or if they’re improving,” said David.

As complicated as the science may be, the goal is simple.

“We’re aiming to decrease fall risk and get people more active and back to their day-to-day goals,” he said.

Birth control even easier now

A new vasectomy method is faster to perform, does not require cauterization, may make future reversals easier, and could expand availability to vasectomies in places where cost and accessibility are barriers.

The Pollock Technique™ has garnered Vancouver’s Dr. Neil Pollock kudos in a major medical journal.

Earlier this year, The Journal of Urology featured a study by Pollock and colleagues Jack Chang, Eliana Onishi, Arthur Chatton and Michel Labrecque.

The paper explained how the new approach differs from traditional vasectomies by leaving both ends of the vas deferens – the tube that carries sperm – open while using a layer of tissue as a barrier. This is different from traditional methods, where the tube is sealed or partially removed. This “double open-ended” approach reduces pressure buildup, tissue damage and inflammation – key causes of post-vasectomy pain – while maintaining effectiveness, according to the study.

The doctor, whose Vancouver-based Pollock Clinics has performed an estimated 75,000 procedures, is now offering the new approach, which can take as little as five minutes.

“My mindset has always been to try to improve on the status quo and reserve mind space to try to continually innovate,” Pollock told the Independent. “For the last 30 years, every time I’m in surgery, I ask myself: ‘How can I take this to the next level? Further reduce complications and improve outcomes?’ I woke up one morning at 3 a.m. with the idea for this technique.”

photo - Dr. Neil Pollock — Dr. Neil Pollock (photo from Pollock Clinics)

When Pollock ran the idea by a colleague who is head of urology at a leading hospital in New York, he was told it wouldn’t work.

“But I saw it differently, and wasn’t discouraged,” said Pollock. “Our publication in The Journal of Urology outlines our retrospective clinical study of almost 6,000 procedures performed between 2021 and 2024. The data proved we can achieve gold standard results and effectiveness, while eliminating what was once thought a critical step: significantly damaging and blocking the inside of the vas deferens through thermal cautery [burning of the tissue] or suture obstruction.”

The Pollock Technique™ minimizes inflammation and the fact that it is faster is not just a matter of speed – it reduces infection risks often correlated with length of operating time. Because the tube itself is interrupted without damaging it, successful vasectomy reversal is more likely.

“The Journal of Urology is the American Urological Association’s premier publication,” Pollock said. “Having our work peer-reviewed and published there elevates this technique as an evidence-based innovation in vasectomy surgery that provides the medical community with a simpler, safe and faster pathway to deliver gold-standard vasectomy care.”

This is not the first innovation Pollock has introduced. Pollock Clinics was among the first in Canada to adopt the no-scalpel vasectomy.

“The no-needle, no-scalpel approach focuses on maximizing comfort and minimizing trauma,” said Pollock. “During a no-needle, no-scalpel vasectomy, we locate the vas tubes under the skin and hold them in place. Instead of making a traditional incision with a scalpel, we use a specialized tool to make a tiny entry point, through which we can carry out the surgery. The no-scalpel technique, because it’s minimally invasive, has a lower risk of bleeding and infection, faster healing and a smoother recovery. No stitches are required to close the wound because it’s so tiny. Instead of using a needle to deliver the anesthetic into the scrotum, we use an air-pressure applicator to pass the freezing solution through the skin without an injection.”

Pollock compares the latest innovation as similar to folding one sleeve over your hand.

“Think of the vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm, as a hose,” he said. “In a traditional vasectomy, physicians plug the hose using cautery or tying a knot around both ends of the cut tube. This can create back-pressure leading to congestive pain in the testicle, like tying a knot in a hose while the tap is still on. Our technique leaves both ends of the hose unblocked, but physically separated. We take a thin layer of natural tissue that already surrounds the tube – the fascia, or sleeve – and pull it and secure it over the exit end. It is exactly like pulling a sleeve over your hand. The sperm cannot reach the other side because there is a physical wall of tissue in the way. This allows pressure to dissipate naturally from the testicular end while maintaining the effectiveness of the vasectomy.”

It’s a significant development.

“One of my colleagues called me when he read about it saying it’s a game-changer,” Pollock said. “The vasectomy is considered the ultimate form of male birth control, and we’ve created a faster, less invasive way to do it without compromising effectiveness. This is huge for men and their loved ones who are looking to complete their families, especially because birth control options for women are less safe.”

That’s a big deal for men, said Pollock.

“We like to tell men that the vasectomy is a loving way to step up in the family and alleviate the burden of birth control for their partner,” he said.

It is also significant for doctors.

“It’s safer for them because they don’t have to inhale the cautery smoke, and possibly for their patients, who avoid thermal damage and subsequent inflammation to their vas tube,” he said.

It’s also significant, he said, because this technique can be used in resource-limited settings around the world, expanding access to safe contraception for millions of men.

There are, however, barriers to adoption of the Pollock Technique™.

“The biggest barrier for other doctors to adopt this is getting meticulous training,” he said. “Our technique requires precision in execution and significant practice under supervision to master and then execute safely.”

A change in mindset among medical practitioners is also necessary, he warned.

“Surgeons have been taught for decades that the more damage they do to the vas deferens – by cutting out large segments, burning it or tying it – the more likely the procedure is to succeed,” Pollock said. “We’ve demonstrated that isn’t accurate. Our data supports that fascial interposition [the sleeve analogy] is likely the most critical element for a successful vasectomy, eliminating the need for a more invasive, damaging approach.”

Now, more than ever, Pollock insists, a vasectomy is not something to be feared.

“Techniques are available that are no-scalpel, no-needle and, now, no thermal damage,” he said. “This is a new era of gentle men’s health, where procedures are faster, recovery is easier, and more and more research is constantly coming out documenting the evolution and improvements in vasectomy, as well as other areas of medicine.”

Unexpected discoveries

Prof. Brian Berkowitz, Sam Zuckerberg Professorial Chair in Hydrology, at his lab at the Weizmann Institute of Science. (photo from Weizmann Institute)

Prof. Brian Berkowitz of the Weizmann Institute of Science recently visited Vancouver and Calgary for meetings with members of the Weizmann Canada community.

Berkowitz, who was born in Edmonton, joined the staff of the Weizmann Institute in 1993. He received his bachelor and master of science degrees from the University of Alberta and his doctorate from the Technion-Israeli Institute of Technology. He worked as a research hydrologist for Israel’s Ministry of Agriculture for several years and as a visiting professor at the University of British Columbia for two years before joining the Weizmann faculty. A former head of the department of environmental sciences and energy research (now the department of earth and planetary sciences), he is the incumbent of the Sam Zuckerberg Professorial Chair in Hydrology.

Berkowitz’s research centres around the experimental analysis and computer modeling of ﬂuid and chemical transport in geological formations, with emphasis on soil and groundwater systems. He and his colleagues are developing new models that realistically describe pollutant migration patterns; these models show conditions under which groundwater contamination can occur. He is also developing experimental methods for environmentally friendly chemical treatment of contaminated water.

Recently, he has become involved in research related to urology and treatment of kidney stones, and to the active treatment of lymphedema and related tissue-swelling disorders, including the development of biomedical devices.

Berkowitz – who is married and the father of three children – was first motivated to apply his physical science expertise to the medical field when his son was diagnosed with a serious kidney condition. Because what is the kidney if not a water filtration organ?

He applied his knowledge of fluid dynamics and chemical transport to the development of a ureteral stent that allows urine to drain from the kidneys to the bladder when there are blockages. The preexisting stents often caused pain and irritation in people who relied on them, and Berkowitz was able to develop a much-improved stent that was more comfortable and effective.

Building off that success, the professor has turned his attention to the development of a device that can treat lymphedema and related tissue-swelling conditions. Lymphedema is a condition in which fluid is not effectively drained by the lymphatic system and instead builds up in bodily tissue, often in the arms and legs. This is a common condition following some cancer treatments, among other causes.

Berkowitz worked with Yeda, the commercial arm of the Weizmann Institute, and a medical technology company called Sub-Q Bionics was formed to develop a device based on his research.

Sub-Q Bionics recently received the funding needed to further develop what is a sort of bionic lymph node that has the potential to transform how lymphedema is managed. The device will essentially be a drainage system that is implanted under the skin to help with the painful swelling caused by lymphedema. It would be the first treatment to actively drain lymphatic fluid from the limbs, offering relief to the more than one million people who suffer from lymphedema in Canada alone.

At the Weizmann Institute, which is ranked sixth in the world for research quality, scientists are given wide latitude to follow their curiosity and interests, even across scientific disciplines. As Berkowitz’s research exemplifies, this cross-pollination of ideas can often lead to unexpected and exciting discoveries that might not otherwise be possible.

In addition to being an acclaimed scientist, Berkowitz is an accomplished musician, having played bassoon professionally in the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and in numerous chamber ensembles in Canada and Israel.

– Courtesy Weizmann Canada

Next-gen orthotic wins

Henry Chodos, a Grade 6 student from Vancouver Talmud Torah, won ADI’s sixth annual Make the Change Challenge and received the $1,000 grand prize. (photo from ADI)

In its sixth year, ADI’s Make the Change Challenge STEM accessible design contest drew more than 379 entries from students across North America – and Vancouver Talmud Torah sixth grader Henry Chodos won the contest’s $1,000 grand prize.

Chodos’s award-winning vision is a lightweight and slim-fitting orthopedic brace that automatically adjusts to provide users with rigidity and flexibility as needed.

Having struggled for years with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a rare autoimmune disorder that causes muscular weakness and sensory loss in the limbs, Chodos set out to help himself and others by designing NeuroStride, an orthotic with built-in micro sensors that would intuitively correct gait irregularities and allow users to make adjustments via an easy-to-use app, with no medical professional required.

The Make the Change Challenge is run by ADI (adi-israel.org), Israel’s network of specialized rehabilitative care for those touched by and living with disability, to mark Jewish Disability Awareness, Acceptance and Inclusion Month. The contest promotes “selfless STEM” (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and encourages students to hack the modern world to help people with disabilities overcome the challenges that hinder their independence and inclusion.

Instead of developing prototypes, entrants were asked to prepare compelling presentations that clearly explain how their solutions would solve the persistent accessibility issues they chose to tackle. In his contest submission, Chodos, who wears braces 24 hours a day, noted that the orthotics currently available are very uncomfortable, take a long time to mold to one’s body, don’t allow for growth and are prohibitively expensive. What’s more, they spotlight his condition and keep him from doing the things he loves.

poster - Henry Chodos’s NeuroStride took ADI’s top prize — Henry Chodos’s NeuroStride took ADI’s top prize. (image from ADI)

“When my CIPD flares up, I can’t ride or play basketball with my friends, and I can never sit on the ground in class or during assemblies, because I can’t stand back up in my braces,” he explained. “I don’t like feeling different, and I wanted to create an orthotic that would provide me and others living with CIPD, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida and other conditions with the support we need, just without all of the unwanted strain and attention.”

Upon reading Chodos’s presentation, the contest’s judges – which included members of ADI’s professional staff, innovation journalists and specialists in the field of accessible design – were overwhelmed by the young inventor’s maturity, creativity and attention to detail, and inspired by his desire to draw from his own experiences to change the world.

“To be honest, Henry’s presentation left us speechless. We work so hard promoting our ADI Bechinuch disability inclusion programming and helping students develop an empathetic worldview, but Henry flipped the script and became our teacher. His life experience has molded a passionate and compassionate educator and innovator, and he put on a masterclass in perseverance, perspective and vision throughout this competition,” said ADI’s North American director of advancement . “We are thrilled that we were able to provide Henry with a stage upon which to shine, and we truly believe that his brilliant design has the potential to become a reality and make the world a kinder and more accessible place.”

Nearly 50 Jewish schools across North America – including many affiliated with JNF-USA – used the ADI Bechinuch programming last year, employing the in-class activities and disability simulations, virtual tours and STEM contest to encourage the next generation of Jewish leaders to see the world through the eyes of others.

As February ended, ADI’s panel of experts met with the contest’s top five finalists, their parents and their teachers via Zoom to discuss the entries in greater detail. Following some discussion, the proceedings concluded with Chodos being crowned the contest winner and presented with the $1,000 grand prize, a gift from the Avraham and Esther Klein Young Entrepreneurs Fund.

The “Final 5” also included entries from students at the Ramaz School in New York, NY; Brauser Maimonides Academy in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; Hochberg Lower School (Posnack East) in Hallandale, Fla.; and the Bornblum Community School in Memphis, Tenn.

To learn more about ADI and to donate, visit adi-israel.org.

– Courtesy ADI Negev-Nahalat Eran

Sanctuary garden benefits

Gal Raviv, left, and Prof. Tamir Klein in the plant sanctuary at Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. (photo from Weizmann Institute of Science)

When PhD student Gal Raviv thought of creating a sanctuary garden at the Weizmann Institute of Science, what she had in mind was saving endangered plants. But, after the Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel, the garden became for her a refuge of serenity and strength. “There’s something grounding about plants that keep growing no matter what happens around us. If they can do it, so can we,” she said. “They represent what the land of Israel can produce and, in these difficult times, they symbolize our own roots in this land.”

Raviv came up with the idea of the garden after hearing a lecture on plant conservation at a conference that Prof. Tamir Klein, whose Weizmann lab specializes in tree research, had organized at the institute. In late summer of 2023, they set up the garden in Weizmann’s greenhouses, with full backing from Weizmann’s Institute for Environmental Sustainability.

Raviv’s doctoral research, conducted in Prof. David Margulies’s lab, is unrelated to plants and focuses on molecular aspects of cancer therapy. Nonetheless, she volunteered to tend the garden, getting crucial help from the greenhouse staff and relying on their expertise.

“When people hear about endangered species, they usually think of a toad whose swamp has dried up, or other animals or birds. But at the basis of any ecosystem are plants: they are the very foundation of our existence,” Raviv said.

“Plant diversity supports diverse insects that in turn provide food for birds and animals. When plant species go extinct, their loss can disrupt the integrity of an entire ecosystem,” added Klein.

Of some 2,300 wild plants found in Israel, more than 400 are in danger of extinction, according to the Red Book of Israel’s Nature and Parks Authority. Plant species that are unique to Israel are particularly threatened: there are about 55 such species, and 35 of them are endangered.

“We have a global responsibility to preserve these plants,” Klein said.

The major threat to plants is habitat loss, which in Israel is especially acute along the Mediterranean. Sand dunes and other parts of the coastal plain are home to an unusually large proportion of wild plant species, yet, to the plants’ misfortune, that’s also where humans love to settle. Less than 30% of the pristine coastal sands that used to line the Mediterranean in the early 20th century remained undeveloped by the beginning of the 21st. These sands might disappear altogether if left unprotected.

There are several plant sanctuaries in Israel, but not all have the proper climate to grow coastal plants outdoors, whereas the Weizmann campus, with weather that’s similar to that of the coast, is well suited to this end. Raviv and Klein kept this in mind when preparing a list of plant species for the sanctuary. The final list was compiled in collaboration with the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, which also provided seeds.

Now in its third year, Weizmann’s sanctuary garden holds some 20 endangered plants, a number of which are unique to Israel’s coastal plain; others also grow in neighbouring regions. Most are flowering annuals, but there are also perennials, as well as two species of ancient wheat, genetic relatives of today’s crop varieties. These plants are gradually revealing their preferences and personalities to Raviv and the greenhouse staff, while occasionally serving up challenges and surprises.

For example, since the greenhouses have no bees or other natural pollinators, some of the plants bloomed but produced no seeds. “So, I became the bee,” Raviv said.

To help some species, she made adjacent flowers “kiss,” that is, touch in a way that pollen from one flower could get to the stigma, or ovary system, of another – a process known as self-pollination or cross-pollination, depending on whether the two flowers belong to the same plant or to different ones. She did that, for instance, for Erodium subintegrifolium, known as stork’s bill in Europe and heron’s bill in North America.

In other species – such as the perennial Salvia eigii, named for the botanist Alexander Eig – the reproductive organs are too deep inside the flower for the kiss method to work. Raviv came up with a creative solution. She collected whisker hairs shed by her three cats and used them to transfer pollen from one flower to the stigma of another.

Luckily for Raviv, however, most plants in the sanctuary garden manage to pollinate by themselves.

Other challenges now solved include “late bloomers.” Silene modesta, from a genus also known as campion or catchfly – an annual plant that grows in sandy soil on the coast and in the western Negev desert – thrived in the sanctuary garden from the start. However, even though it produced lots of flower buds, these seemed to dry up before getting a chance to bloom.

A plant conservation expert told Raviv to open one of the dried buds to see if it contained seeds. Indeed, it did, which meant that it had bloomed at some point without being caught in the act. So Raviv went to the garden late at night and, sure enough, found the slender Silene in full bloom. Keeping the bud closed after sunrise is the plant’s strategy for reducing water evaporation during the hot hours, while also protecting its flowers from the strong daytime coastal winds.

The discovery prompted Raviv to initiate a research project in which she compares Silene modesta with its non-endangered relative, Silene palaestina. The goal is to uncover the biochemical processes that ensure water conservation in the endangered plant.

In fact, a major goal of plant conservation is to preserve valuable properties that might be lost forever should their carriers disappear. Revealing the mechanisms behind such properties might make it possible to transfer them to other plants to, for example, help them grow in arid conditions or otherwise adapt to the adversities of climate change.

– Courtesy Weizmann Institute of Science

Finding hope through science

The organizer of a conference panel I’m going to be on asked me some questions ahead of the event. He asked how to find hope from a Jewish perspective amid challenging times. I responded with both academic Jewish content and personal information about my sons’ recent big success at a science fair. This person, a male academic, quickly grasped the personal narrative I provided – he thought it was about being a mother. Let’s not be “essentialist,” I suggested. My ability to provide information about hope doesn’t stem from reproduction alone.

If one looks at what is going on in the United States, where there’s interest in limiting women’s reproductive rights, including motivating women to have more children and boost the birth rate, one might think that is what women are mostly for: reproduction. Yet, all sorts of data indicate that, for example, in a country like Israel, which has a high education rate and good possibilities for women, a high birth rate is also possible.

Perhaps choosing to have multiple children is easier with better health care, reliable social networks and support and maternity leave, and in a country that ranks high in terms of happiness on a global scale. Countries without birth control or proper education for women have high birth rates, but there are also high mortality rates. Focusing on women’s reproductive capabilities alone misses the boat. If women are educated and engaged in their country’s workforce, they contribute more than their biological value – the quick response of a male academic to traditional rhetoric about mothering left me disappointed.

This notion of maintaining hope during challenging political moments can be approached in many ways. I’m still sorting out what I’ll say in the five-minute slot on the conference panel. However, something I learned yesterday in the Babylonian Tractate of Makkot, on page 20b, made me think further about these issues.

Makkot 20b is about haircuts and ritual cutting as a mourning practice. First, Jews are not supposed to cut their hair in certain ways. Second, self-harming through incisions or ritual mutilation isn’t considered an acceptable mourning practice – self-harm isn’t OK.

While I studied this, I was also checking out the Canadian election results. My father, in the United States, was surprised that we hadn’t let our kids stay up late to watch what was happening. I explained that we’d voted early, and that our kids had voted in a school mock election. Also, we wouldn’t know the complete results until later anyway. More importantly, my kids needed sleep to cope with other activities later this week. Sleep felt like more important self-care.

It struck me that much of our tradition, and Jewish law, tries to maintain a complicated form of self-care. Even in dire circumstances, Jewish tradition encourages us to practise resiliency, intellectual curiosity and hope. Each day, the sun will rise, our souls will return and we will have what we need, like clothing and food, and feel grateful for it. As I write this, I hear Omer Adam’s popular musical version of the traditional prayer said on rising, “Modeh Ani.” (Google it, it’s good!)

While we also pray for our country and its leaders, sometimes we jokingly invoke the words that Tevye quotes his rabbi as saying in Fiddler on the Roof: “A blessing for the czar? Of course! May God bless and keep the czar … far away from us!”

My household felt strangely conflicted about voting. We knew for instance that the Conservatives, in the past, cut funding for research and science, which worries us. Choosing parties that maintain or grow science funding is important to us personally, since my husband is a science professor. His lab needs funding to do research. Good science research can protect us. However, the Liberals have a poor track record of protecting Jewish Canadian citizens. Our local NDP MP has expressed something akin to real hate in my dealings with her. So, again, we can think like Tevye’s rabbi: we bless the outcome of a democratic election – no matter how it goes – while hoping those in charge don’t get close enough, through their actions, to do us any harm.

Similarly, the rabbis acknowledged that mourning causes us great psychological pain. This might encourage some to self-harm. Ideally, we should control that impulse. Self-care is a balancing act. It’s not always clear how to make safe choices.

Locally, I watched politicians’ interactions with the Jewish community with interest. In one case, an incumbent Jewish Liberal MP of a riding known to historically have a “big” Jewish community mentioned that perhaps only 5% of his riding was Jewish. His efforts made to support the Jewish community and offer allyship to Israel were an expression of his conscience. That choice likely didn’t help his chances and maybe even was an impediment to his campaign, but that decision to act conscientiously offered me hope, too, even if I couldn’t vote for him because I don’t live in his riding.

Sometimes, our choices aren’t as clear as we’d like them to be. It can be hard some mornings to rise full of hope and gratitude amid the political chaos and death we hear about each day. Given that, we need the reminder of ancient, traditional Jewish prayer and thought, too. There are days when I feel praying is a rote practice. Other days, I remember that we’re doing this in a way that brings us connection with ancestors who maybe didn’t have enough food, who suffered with terrible plagues or physical danger. In many ways, things are so much better for us than they used to be. This alone is worth our gratitude.

When the rabbis warned long ago against cutting oneself, they lived in a world without antibiotics or effective medical care. My conversation about finding Jewish hope wasn’t simply about reproduction, my maternal pride, but rather my pride in the kids doing good science. I have hope because I don’t only believe in blind faith, I also believe in science. Whether it’s Israel’s Iron Dome, Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine, or other discoveries, doing science is another form of self-preservation.

The world can be a painful place. We must make compromises to continue as a small minority ethno-religion. Those choices require us to acknowledge what’s happening, to make nuanced decisions based on what’s best in the moment, and to build a better world each day.

Don’t get me wrong. I’m proud of my children, whatever they do, but I’m filled with hope because my Jewish kids won all sorts of accolades at a divisional science fair. To me, that’s Jewish self-care for the future. Yes, it’s also a political statement, too.

Joanne Seiff has written regularly for the Winnipeg Free Press and various Jewish publications. She is the author of three books, including From the Outside In: Jewish Post Columns 2015-2016, a collection of essays available for digital download or as a paperback from Amazon. Check her out on Instagram @yrnspinner or at joanneseiff.blogspot.com.

A wordless language

In her lab at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Prof. Sigal Ben-Yehuda and her team have observed that bacteria can exchange molecules, genetic material and survival strategies through tiny structures called nanotubes. These findings suggest that, rather than acting independently, bacteria are capable of molecular communication.

This microbial interaction is at the heart of Ben-Yehuda’s research, pointing to a microscopic network built on exchange and cooperation. She will present this work in Vancouver April 29, as the featured speaker at the Dmitry Apel Memorial Lecture, hosted by the University of British Columbia.

photo - Prof. Sigal Ben-Yehuda gives the Dmitry Apel Memorial Lecture at the University of British Columbia on April 29 — Prof. Sigal Ben-Yehuda gives the Dmitry Apel Memorial Lecture at the University of British Columbia on April 29. *(photo from Hebrew University)*

Ben-Yehuda described herself as a scientist driven by questions. “I am fascinated by how bacteria make decisions, communicate and sense one another,” she told the Independent.

That interest has guided her career – from a PhD in microbiology at Tel Aviv University to postdoctoral research at Harvard. Since 2004, she has been a professor at the Hebrew University, where, two years ago, she became head of the department of microbiology and molecular genetics at the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada.

Ben-Yehuda’s research into bacterial communication did not begin with a specific hypothesis. “It began with a set of microscopy observations that raised the idea that bacteria can mysteriously share intracellular molecules,” she said. “That curiosity turned into a deeper investigation, which led to the identification of bacterial intercellular bridges that the group termed ‘nanotubes,’ that mediate this form of communication.”

Ben-Yehuda explained that these structures “allow bacteria to transfer molecules and DNA between cells – effectively creating a biological highway for the exchange of antibiotic resistance.”

This resistance develops when bacteria evolve to survive drugs that once killed them, posing a major challenge in treating infections. Ben-Yehuda’s findings could shape new approaches to combating infections by targeting the bacterial links rather than individual cells.

While centred on the microscopic world, Ben-Yehuda’s work speaks to something larger – an approach to science that begins with curiosity and unfolds through observation. This open-ended inquiry is exactly what the upcoming seminar seeks to celebrate.

The Dmitry Apel Memorial Seminar was created in memory of UBC PhD student Dr. Dmitry Apel, who passed away in 2013. His family, notably his mother, Dr. Maryana Apel, and sister, Dr. Sabrina Apel, sponsor the lecture that honours his devotion to pure science, which was driven by a curiosity about how the world works.

Prof. Yossef Av-Gay, a professor in the UBC Faculty of Medicine’s division of infectious diseases, who, among other things, also holds an adjunct professorship at the medical school of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, invited Ben-Yehuda to speak.

“I thought that Sigal would be an inspiration for young scientists,” he said. “She discovered nanotubes – a great new discovery in microbiology. Having a strong microbiology department at UBC, focusing on similar fields as Sigal’s department at Hebrew University, I saw this as a chance to spark cross-continent collaborations. The Apel family has close ties to Israel, so it felt like a perfect fit and a great opportunity to bring Sigal to Dmitry’s memorial seminar.”

As a department head, Ben-Yehuda works to support early-career researchers.

“My main goal has been to support the younger faculty members,” she said. “I’m committed to helping them create strong research groups and establish themselves – and their labs – as leaders in their fields.

“As for my lab, my approach has been to encourage curiosity-driven research, which depends on the scientists and their progression. I encourage independence and creativity.”

Although this will be Ben-Yehuda’s second visit to Vancouver, it will be her first time speaking at UBC. Hosted by microbiologist Av-Gay, her visit will include meetings with faculty and colleagues, along with the hope of having time to explore the city and its surroundings.

As for her hope of what people will learn from her lecture, Ben-Yehuda said, “An important takeaway is that connection matters. Whether you’re a microbe or a human, being part of a community can enhance resilience and adaptability. Also, cooperation – far from being a soft or secondary trait – can be a powerful survival strategy. It reminds us that strength often comes not just from competing, but from collaborating, and highlights community strength.”

For more information on the Dmitry Apel Memorial Seminar and Ben-Yehuda’s talk, visit mbim.ubc.ca/events/dmitry-apel-memorial-seminar-2025.

Uriel Presman Chikiar is a student at Queen’s University and serves as executive vice-president of external relations at Hillel Queen’s.

Productive collaboration

The Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research team includes, left to right, Dr. Gal Meiri, Prof. Hava Golan, Prof. Ilan Dinstein, Mazal Malka and Prof. Idan Menashe. Dinstein and Menashe will be in Vancouver in May to meet with colleagues from the University of British Columbia. (photo from azrielifoundation.org)

When the International Society for Autism Research convenes in Seattle April 30 for its annual conference, researchers from all over the world will be flying in to learn about and share the latest research on this multifactorial disorder. Two of them, Idan Menashe and Ilan Dinstein, who head up the Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research (ANCAN) at Ben-Gurion University, will be coming from Israel. When the conference wraps up, they will be in Vancouver to continue a three-year collaboration with autism researchers at the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University, and meet with various people, including community members.

Menashe and Dinstein were part of a group – that included Dr. Tim Oberlander from UBC’s School of Population and Public Health and Grace Iarocci, director of SFU’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Laboratory – that published a paper in 2023 on whether oxytocin is associated with an increased risk of autism in offspring.

“Oxytocin is a neuropeptide hormone that plays a key role in social behaviour, stress regulation and mental health,” begins the paper’s abstract. “Synthetic oxytocin administration is a common obstetrical practice and, importantly, previous research has suggested that intrapartum exposure may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder.”

The study supported the conclusion that “induction of labour through oxytocin administration does not increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the child.” However, Menashe and Dinstein’s own studies in Israel found an association between autism and the use of general anesthesia during caesarean sections.

“Having a C-section with general anesthetic increases the risk of diagnoses of autism in offspring by 60% compared to natural birth,” Menashe told the Independent. Because general anesthesia in C-section is infrequently used, that risk is low, but consistent, he added.

Menashe, Dinstein, Oberlander and Iarocci are excited to reunite in Vancouver in May because they all have access to population health data that allows them to compare their results. Such comparisons are especially valuable given that autism rates are increasing the world over.

Menashe said the rate of autism is 2% in Israel and Canada, and more than 3% in the United States. “We know a big portion of this increase is due to increased awareness among parents and caregivers, but we don’t know if that explains everything,” he said.

Autism is highly heterogeneous, he continued. “Every child is different and no two children present exactly the same autism symptoms. We believe the causes of autism are also very heterogeneous, and that’s what makes research so complicated, but also so interesting.”

Because of that heterogeneity, research requires collection of data from large populations. At the Azrieli National Foundation for Autism Research, Menashe and Dinstein work with nine clinical centres to collect data.

“A major advantage we have in Israel is our access to families’ medical records,” Menashe explained. “We ask families from those clinics to participate in genetic studies, through which we try to identify the genetic causes of autism.”

Menashe, Dinstein, Oberlander and Iarocci meet monthly by Zoom to discuss their findings. By collaborating, the four researchers can compare Israeli findings to those in British Columbia.

“The comparisons make our research more powerful,” Iarocci said. “They allow us to see what’s the same and what’s different cross-culturally.

“Our goal with autism is early identification, early diagnosis, and offering interventions that are effective,” she continued. “When we collaborate, we can compare very large data sets and, without those comparisons, you can’t really answer these questions meaningfully.”

“We’ve had a very productive collaboration so far, and what makes it especially important is the cross-jurisdictional research we can do,” Oberlander said. “There are few jurisdictions in the world that can do this effectively, but Israel and BC are two of them. It’s a wonderful collaboration, a great model, and we’re looking forward to seeing them in Vancouver in May.”

While here, Menashe and Dinstein will participate in an invite-only parlour meeting on May 4. Those interested in attending should contact David Berson, executive director, BGU Canada, British Columbia & Alberta, at [email protected].

Lauren Kramer, an award-winning writer and editor, lives in Richmond

Scholarships available

Students in the scholarship program at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, will do hands-on research and get to know the region. (photo from Weizmann Canada)

Weizmann Canada has scholarships for seven exceptional science students from Canada to participate in the Dr. Bessie F. Lawrence International Summer Science Institute (ISSI). The scholarship program – which will take place at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, from June 30 to July 25, 2025 – is open to students between the ages of 18 and 20, including graduating high school seniors, gap-year students and first-year bachelor’s degree students.

ISSI offers a rigorous scientific experience, providing students with the opportunity to participate in hands-on research. During the program, students collaborate in small research groups, guided by institute researchers, on topics matching their skills. They use the latest tools, like electron microscopes and particle accelerators. Senior scientists enhance the experience with lectures and courses. The program culminates in team presentations of group theses based on their laboratory work.

Students will also have an opportunity to immerse themselves in a diverse scientific environment at a field school located in the Judean and Negev deserts. Expert guides from the Sde Boker field school will lead hikes that focus on the ecological, geographical and archeological features of this region.

Participants selected for this program will receive a full scholarship valued at more than $10,000, which covers airfare and all expenses incurred during their stay at the institute.

For more about the program and to apply by March 1, 2025, visit weizmann.ca/international-summer-science-institute. For assistance, reach out to Weizmann Canada’s educational program officer, Morgan Leibner, at [email protected].

– Courtesy Weizmann Canada

A teacher to be remembered

David Laugharne, who was a teacher at Maimonides Secondary School, King David High School’s predecessor, passed away in 1994. Thirty years later, his memory and his impact on the school continue to be honoured, including an award in his name given to a KDHS student each year. This year, the David Laugharne Science Award went to Hannah Karasenty Saltoun.

photo - A painting of former Maimonides/KDHS teacher David Laugharne in 1975 — A painting of former Maimonides/KDHS teacher David Laugharne in 1975. (photo from Elizabeth Laugharne)

Laugharne is credited for boosting the science department at the high school. In the words of Rabbi Mordechai Feuerstein, a co-founder of Maimonides, who wrote to Laugharne in May 1994, “Your serious and sustained efforts really got the science department off the ground and recognized not only within the community, but throughout BC and, of course, in the Canada-Wide Science Fair, as well.

“It will be a long time, if ever, before another science teacher at Maimonides takes our school to the heights which you reached.”

Feuerstein added that Laugharne would be remembered at the school for, among other things, introducing it to the computer age, the artwork he contributed to many school events and his willingness to lend a helping hand whenever needed.

The rabbi also praised Laugharne for being a teacher that cared for students from both a professional standpoint and as a friend prepared to take a personal interest.

“You have always been a sensitive, caring person, David. I have always known the Almighty blessed you with ability – the ability to encourage and inspire, and the talent and sensitivity needed to work with young people,” wrote Feuerstein.

At the conclusion of his letter, Feuerstein shared that the board of governors at the school had decided to present a David Laugharne Science Award each year.

“This award will be given to the student who most exemplifies all the qualities you so caringly tried to instill in students, who you gave of yourself at Maimonides.

“It is a small token of the deep gratitude felt by all of us at Maimonides from the board level, through the administration, down to the students for whom you opened a world of learning. You have touched the lives of us all.”

Naomi Frankenburg, who was the president of Maimonides Secondary School in 1994, remembered Laugharne as an easy person to know and like and the first person on the staff with whom she developed a true friendship.

In a letter to Laugharne’s mother, Elizabeth, Frankenburg cited the work David had done as an important reason for her taking on the position to lead the school.

“My first visit to the school, before I had any formal connection to it, was a visit to the science fair and, like everybody else, I was most impressed. So much so that when I was urged to accept the presidency, the high standard of general studies and, especially, science, was a major factor in encouraging me to accept.”

Keith Thibodeau, a school administrator who worked with Laugharne at Collingwood School in West Vancouver at the time of its inception in 1984, remembered his colleague as someone who gave very generously of his time and talents to make the school ready for its opening day.

“He showed insight, organizational skills and leadership. He worked well with others and his sense of humour frequently eased times of tension and stress,” Thibodeau wrote.

Of Laugharne’s time at Maimonides, Thibodeau said, “His ability to teach competently in a number of subject areas, his willingness to be flexible, his astute skills in timetabling, general organization and finally his constant enthusiasm and devotion were crucial factors in the successful development of the school.”

On June 17, 1994, during the final assembly of the year at Maimonides, Gallit Amram spoke about Laugharne, saying that he was “an incredible teacher.”

“One never realizes what a great thing one has until it is gone, and that is very like the situation we have here,” she said. “Now that Mr. Laugharne is no longer with us, we can appreciate what a great person he was. It’s unfortunate that only when someone passes away do we realize how important he is to us.”

Laugharne’s success in bringing out the best in his students was also featured in a Feb. 27, 1992, article in the Jewish Western Bulletin (the predecessor of the Jewish Independent). Aside from science, Laugharne also taught drama and the story notes his goals of encouraging students to be creative and innovative.

The Greater Vancouver Regional Science Fair also presents a David Laugharne Award each year to a project that “incorporates new technology into the design, implementation or presentation of the work.” In 2024, the award was given to Jora SN for DeviceAble, a novel, hands-free computing app for people with disabilities.

Sam Margolis has written for the Globe and Mail, the National Post, UPI and MSNBC.