נשיא מדינת ישראל בעת פגישת עבודה מדינית עם שר החוץ של קנדה, ג’ון ביירד – 18 בינואר. (צילום: דוברות בית הנשיא)
ישראל איבדה ידיד קרוב: שר החוץ הקנדי פרש מתפקידו במפתיע
שר החוץ של ממשלת קנדה ג’ון בירד, הודיע ביום שלישי האחרון על פרישתו מהתפקיד. בירד עזב את ממשלת השמרנים ברשות סטיבן הרפר, כבר בשבוע שעבר, והוא אמור כנראה לעבור למגזר הפרטי ולעשות לביתו.
הכרזתו של בירד התקבלה בהפתעה גמורה, ואף אחד מהפרשנים הפולטים לא חזה אותה. זאת בעיקר כיוון שעזיבתו בעת הזו גורמת נזק גדול להרפר, שמבקש שוב להיבחר לרשות הממשלה, בבחירות הכלליות שיתקיימו בחודש אוקטובר.
בירד נחשב היה עד היום לשר הבכיר והמקורב ביותר להרפר.
ההתפטרות עוררה גל שמועות על הסיבות שהביאו את בירד לעזוב את ממשלת הרפר. ובהן: מחלוקות קשות על מדיניות החוץ עם הרפר, רצונו להתמודד על תפקיד לרשות הממשלה מטעם השמרנים בעתיד, דווקא כשהוא לא מעורב במערכת הפוליטית היום יומית, מחיר שהוא נאלץ לשלם על כך שלפני מספר שנים בילה במשך שבוע עם חברים על חשבון משלם המסים, במעון של קנדה בלונדון, ועוד.
בירד והרפר נחשבים לידידים קרובים מאוד לישראל, והם תומכים חד-משמעית במדיניות ראש הממשלה, בנימין נתניהו. כיום אין לנתניהו בעולם עוד תומכים בשיעור של בירד והרפר, ולכן פרישתו של שר החוץ פוגעת בישראל.
בירד בן ה-45 עבד בשירות הציבורי במשך כעשרים שנים, והוא משמש שר החוץ מאז 2011. קודם לכן החזיק בתפקידים בכירים שונים (בהם שר התחבורה ושר האנרגיה) בממשלות הרפר, שמכהן בתפקיד ראש ממשלת קנדה מאז 2006. בירד נחשב כאמור לפוליטיקאי המקורב ביותר להפר כיום, והוא מוזכר כמועמד להחליפו ביחד עם השר ההגנה החדש, ג’ייסון קני (שגם הוא תומך גדול בישראל ובמדיניותה), מטעם השמרנים, עת יפרוש הרפר מתפקידו.
בירד ביקר בישראל מספר פעמים, ותמיד הביע תמיכה גדולה וחד-משמעית במדינה ובמדיניות ממשלת נתניהו. בביקור האחרון במהלך ינואר, בעת שביקר במשרד החוץ הפלסטיני ברמאללה, פעילים מקומיים זרקו על בירד ביצים ונעליים, לאור תמיכתו החד-צדדית בישראל. ביקור אחר של בירד בישראל באפריל 2013, זכה אף הוא לכותרות, כיוון שהוא פגש את שרת המשפטים לשעבר, ציפי לבני, במשרדה במזרח ירושלים. הפלסטינים ביקרו את בירד קשות על מהלכו זה, שלטענתם פוגע בריבונות שלהם על מזרח העיר. עד כה מדינאים ודיפולמטים זרים שהגיעו לישראל, נמנעו מלפגוש את עמיתיהם הישראלים במזרח ירושלים.
באופן מפתיע הרפר מינה בסוף את שר ההגנה, רוב ניקולסון, לשר החוץ החדש.
סטארבקס הופכת לבר: תמכור אלכוהול משעות אחר הצהריים
רשת בתי הקפה הגדולה בעולם סטארבקס תתחיל למכור אלכוהול בסניפיה בקנדה, לקראת סוף השנה. החברה נכנסת אפוא לתחום פעילות חדש, לאחר שמצאה שאין מקום לפתוח סניפים נוספים, מעבר לכ-1,500 שהיא מפעילה בקנדה. אלכוהול מוגש כבר במספר סניפים של סטארבקס בארצות הברית, ולאור ההצלחה, הוחלט לעשות את אותו הדבר בקנדה.
האלכוהול יוכנס בעיקר לסניפים עירוניים, ובשלב ראשון ימכר במסגרת פרוייקט ניסיוני, בכ-12 חנויות בערים הגדולות, בהן: טורונטו, מונטריאול, ונקובר וקלגרי.
בירה ויין יוגשו החל מארבע אחר הצהריים בשילוב תפריט מיוחד של חטיפים (עם לחם, גבינות, זיתים ופיצוחים). בשעות אלה הסניפים מתרוקנים משמעותית כיוון שקנדים רבים בניגוד לישראלים, מפסיקים לשתות קפה החל מהשעות המוקדמות של אחר הצהריים.
כשישים אחוז מהלקוחות של מלקוחות סטארבקס כך מתברר הן נשים, והן ירגישו יותר בנוח לשתות אלכוהול באחד הסניפים, באשר להיכנס לברים או פאבים חשוכים ומנוכרים.
סטארבקס נאלצה לסגור בינואר את כל סניפיה ב-133 החנויות של רשת ‘טרגט’ האמריקנית, שהודיעה על הפסקת פעילות בקנדה לאחר שנתיים, לאור הפסדים של 1.5 מילארד דולר.
Dr. Neil Pollock, second from the left, in Haiti. (photo from Neil Pollock)
Vancouver-based Dr. Neil Pollock has recently returned from a mission to Haiti, where he trained surgeons in newborn male circumcision to help fight against HIV.
Among other benefits, “circumcision reduces AIDs transmission by 60 percent and that would reduce a man’s risk of acquiring HIV. The reason is, the foreskin has receptor cells that selectively bind the HIV virus and promote its uptake into the body. So, by removing the foreskin, you remove the portal of entry for the virus,” explained Pollock, who specializes in circumcision and adult vasectomy.
Pollock was approached to lead the Haiti mission by Dr. Jeffrey Klausner, a medical doctor and professor of medicine at UCLA, specializing in infectious disease. Klausner volunteers with GHESKIO, a nongovernmental organization run out of the Centre for Global Health at Weill Cornell Medical College in partnership with the Haitian government.
In a phone interview with the Independent, Klausner said that, around 2007/08, “evidence became very clear that circumcision was a highly effective prevention intervention for HIV and the first priority was to get adolescents and young men circumcised. And, over time, we scaled up progress for newborns.”
After moving from South Africa to Los Angeles, Klausner started working in various countries. It was in Haiti in March 2012 that he connected with GHESKIO. He said it was one of the first NGOs to respond to the AIDs crisis in the early 1980s. Through GHESKIO, he was introduced to Haiti’s first lady, Sophia Martelly, in Washington, D.C., at the International AIDs Conference. Klausner said that, when talking to Martelly about the prospect of introducing newborn circumcision to Haiti, she said, “Absolutely, we’d love to do that, but we don’t have the resources, we don’t have the technical expertise, so we really need to rely on people like you to help us.”
Klausner returned to GHESKIO and worked to organize “a physical place, the proper clean procedure room … certain types of equipment and supplies and autoclaves, sterilized surgical equipment, and the tab was running into tens of thousands, about $50,000…. Once we had the supplies and materials, then the next step was to get the training, and I’m not a surgeon. I contacted the head of circumcision programs in Kenya, a guy named Robert Bailey.”
Bailey directed Klausner to Pollock. Klausner said he was “encouraged by [Pollock’s] enthusiasm and … set up a training program for May 2014.” (see jewishindependent.ca/vancouver-doctor-will-train-doctors-in-haiti-in-circumcision) However, the mission had to be postponed to November, as just days before they were set to depart, an “outbreak of chikungunya fever hit, which is a rare [virus] that causes fever, joint pain, and about one of 100 people can get lifelong arthritis.” In addition, “there was a fire in a supply room and we lost some of the tables we had bought and one of the autoclaves,” and “a box of supplies went missing.”
Despite these and other challenges in organizing and executing the mission, such as difficulties in communication due to power outages and poor internet connections, Klausner said, “I have been doing international work, research and programs for 25 years now and [obstacles are] par for the course. This actually went smoother than many other projects [in which] I have been involved.”
For the Haiti mission, said Klausner, “We had to make sure there were at least 200 parents and babies that were already pre-examined, pre-consented, pre-educated and prepared” because for “a training program like this to be successful you really need to do between 50 to 100 [surgeries] a day in a short period with a lot of cases to make sure the people you are training learn, and learn effectively so they can go on and do this independently and confidently.”
Pollock said he had “arranged to train two surgeons, in case one of them did not have the aptitude to succeed – in the end, one did not, and it was difficult of course to tell him that, but it was clear that it would not be safe to pass him and enable him to operate on patients.”
With the use of the technique he taught in Haiti, said Pollock, recovery time will be reduced compared to current Haitian practices “because there is so little trauma caused during surgery.”
Klausner offered three measures for the mission’s success. “One is the actual conduct of safe, well-done circumcision on the babies that Dr. Pollock and his colleague Pierre Crouse did. That’s an achievement in itself: they did over 100 infants in two and a half days. The second part is that the surgeon and the teams that were trained, they continue to do it themselves, so they have done an additional 100 since we left. And then the third piece is that we have trained the trainers, and now other teams are being trained” to perform the surgery.
Klausner’s and Pollock’s efforts in combating HIV and AIDs received notice from some high-profile celebrities. “I was quite surprised to get a text from Sean Penn on the day after we landed in Port-au-Prince that he wanted to come down and meet and observe what myself and my team were doing and discuss synergies between our global interests in promoting health care,” said Pollock. Penn was joined by Charlize Theron, “who was also interested in discussing collaborative efforts in association with her foundation helping improve health care for the people in her native country of South Africa.”
Klausner said, “I have been working in eastern South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal province … with the public health leaders there to introduce a similar effort where we would train surgeons, create a permanent resource, such as a training program, to expand the number of trained doctors or medical officers in newborn circumcision.” In that province, he said, “40 percent of people have HIV infection” and “75 percent of women aged 30 have HIV. So, right now, that part of South Africa … is in a complete, out of control, HIV epidemic. I helped introduce adult circumcision there, but I think, to have greater impact in the long term, we need to introduce newborn circumcision.”
He added, “I believe Dr. Pollock had a very positive experience [in Haiti] and I suspect he is optimistic about the possibility to go and do it again elsewhere.”
On Jan. 28, Israeli soldiers in the northern Mount Dov region are pictured after an Israel Defence Forces patrol came under anti-tank fire from Hezbollah terrorist operatives. The Hezbollah attack killed two Israeli soldiers and injured seven others. (photo by Basal Awidat/Flash90)
Who was behind the Jan. 28 attack on northern Israel that killed two Israeli soldiers and wounded seven others? The easy answer is the Lebanon-based terrorist group Hezbollah, which claimed responsibility for the attack. But the wider view suggests Hezbollah’s state sponsor: Iran.
Dr. Ely Karmon, a senior research scholar at Israel’s International Institute for Counterterrorism, said that Hezbollah’s actions represent “an attempt to change the strategic rules of the game.” According to Karmon, Iran and Hezbollah have been working for months to take advantage of instability in Syria in order to create a forward military position against
Israel in Syria’s Quneitra region, close to the triple Syria-Lebanon-Israel border.
“This is actually an Iranian project,” Karmon told this reporter. “They have around 1,500 people on the ground in Syria, most of whom are counseling or training Syrian militias, and they have Hezbollah providing military support.”
On Jan. 28, Hezbollah fired five Kornet guided anti-tank missiles at an Israeli military convoy approximately 2.5 miles inside Israel’s border with Lebanon. A day earlier, less sophisticated mortars were fired from southern Syria into Israeli territory, with no damage reported.
In response to the Jan. 28 attack, Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu said, “Whoever is behind today’s attack will pay the full price.” Netanyahu – like Karmon – stressed that the attack points back to Iran, adding, “with the assistance of Hezbollah, Iran has been for some time trying to open another front against Israel on the Golan Heights. We are acting with force and determination against these attempts.”
“Because of the weakness of the Syrian regime, the Iranians are now permitted to have a foothold directly on Israel’s border, which until now they didn’t have,” Karmon explained.
Israel is widely believed to be responsible for a Jan. 18 airstrike against that foothold in southern Syria, which killed six Hezbollah operatives and six Iranians, including notorious Hezbollah commander Jihad Mughniyeh and Iranian general Mohammad Ali Allahdadi.
Karmon believes the airstrike “was a message sent by Israel” to forewarn Iran and Hezbollah not to continue their military efforts in Syrian territory.
The retaliatory attacks by Hezbollah following the deadly airstrike were widely expected. That the more sophisticated Kornet anti-tank missiles were fired from Lebanon and not Syria provides a strong indication that the Syrian position is not as well-stocked with weaponry as southern Lebanon – a zone that was supposed to remain completely demilitarized under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, which arranged for the cessation of hostilities following the Second Lebanon War of 2006.
“Resolution 1701 calls for complete disarmament in southern Lebanon and, yet, Hezbollah, instead of disarming, they have amassed some 80,000-90,000 missiles,” Karmon said.
“Now, they want to achieve the same equation in southern Syria. If Israel does not stop them, and there are two to three years with relative quiet, with only occasional penetrations of our border and sometimes mortar fire and so on, a kind of ‘war of attrition,’ then all of a sudden we will find ourselves staring at 5,000-10,000 missiles,” he said.
International Holocaust Remembrance Day was commemorated here on Jan. 25 with a ceremony at the Jewish Community Centre of Greater Vancouver. Holocaust survivors lit candles of remembrance and there was a moment of silence followed by Kaddish; Nina Krieger, Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre executive director, read a proclamation from Mayor Gregor Robertson; and a screening of the film Numbered followed, in which survivors of Auschwitz, their children and grandchildren reflect in often unexpected ways on the meaning of the numbers the Nazis tattooed onto their victims.
Vancouverite Robbie Waisman, who is a child survivor of Buchenwald, delivered remarks before the film. With permission, the Independent is privileged to publish a slightly edited transcript of his words:
I am honored to be with you this evening. This film speaks about numbers. I have not seen the film, but I have experience with numbers.
Numbers that have been given to us in the camps have two very significant meanings. They were very dehumanizing. They robbed you of your feelings as a person. Your humanity as a human being was taken away. And as long as you remained healthy and were able to work, in that sense the number given to you made it possible to remain alive and continue to live and hope to survive.
When I lived in France after liberation, they gave us identification cards. It allowed me to get around every day. The police issued it to me on June 9, 1947. I had to have it renewed every year. This was important to me. This was my first ID card, so it is hard to explain how I cherished this card. It meant that I was no longer just a number. It meant that I was a person, that I was a person of value. It proved I had a name and an address. I was so proud to have it. It gave us back some of the dignity we had lost. It gave us back our humanity.
Every time a ghetto was being liquidated, there was a selection of men and women who the Nazis selected to work. Those would be spared and taken to the munitions factories to replace other workers who they perceived as not being strong enough to continue working.
I myself have gone through three of those selections successfully with my father alongside with me.
All of us Jews who were no longer capable of working were eliminated in the most horrific way. I am not going into details – the pain always resonates.
The Nazis decided who qualified to live and work, and others were sent to the gas chambers. Six million of our people, of which 1.5 million were children, were brutally murdered. I represent the seven percent that managed to survive.
The Nazis and their collaborators murdered my mother, father and four older brothers … my uncles, aunts, cousins and friends who had been my schoolmates, and on and on.
Getting back to numbers…. When I read that many second- and third-generation survivors are [tattooing] their fathers’ and grandfathers’ numbers on their own arms and chests, I was upset.
Upon further research and reflection, I came around and now admire all those that have done this noble task. It is strange and amazing how, after all the years, those numbers have taken on a new meaning and brought change to what we think about those horrific years.
The book God, Faith and Identity from the Ashes is a reflection of children and grandchildren of Holocaust survivors. Rabbi Dr. Bernhard Rosenberg, from Beth El New Jersey, who is the son of survivors Jacob and Rachel Rosenberg, wrote: “Growing up, I constantly looked at the numbers on my father’s left arm, which he received in Auschwitz. Those numbers instilled in me the urge to fight for the state of Israel and against antisemitism wherever it may occur. I became a rabbi because of those numbers.”
Here is my own experience with numbers. Imagine being a 14-year-old boy. Imagine having been in hell and back over four years of this boy’s life working in Germany’s ammunition factories, being hungry, starved, emotionally exhausted, physically weakened, deprived of every human emotion. Imagine being so brutalized and dehumanized that you begin to believe that you are no longer human. In spite of it all, I never lost hope of being reunited with my family.
Hope! – a very powerful motivation.
The emergence of the enormity of the Holocaust became known to us and we had to find a way to deal and cope with the huge loss of all our loved ones murdered by the Nazis. How are we going to live with all those horrors?
April 11 will be the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Buchenwald.
Would you believe, Gloria [Waisman’s wife] and I are invited by the German government to come to Weimar for this special occasion, where I am also invited to speak to German teenagers. I will share my experience in that infamous and dreadful place where death was a constant companion.
I celebrate April 11 as my birthday, for that day I was reborn again into freedom.
When the Americans liberated Buchenwald, we were euphoric! I will never forget the feeling! The soldiers were larger than life. They symbolized freedom, a new beginning! I tried to communicate with them, but had no words.
For the first time, I saw black men among the soldiers. Since I had been tormented by white persons and had never seen a black person, I thought that angels must be black!
The soldiers looked around and were surprised to find youngsters like myself. They wanted to know, Who are these kids? Where do they come from? What are their nationalities? Why are they here? What are they guilty of? What was the crime they committed?
Ultimately – a few days later – some men arrived to sort out the puzzle. They proceeded to make a list of our names and when my turn came and I was asked my name, I blurted out #117098, the number given to me. My name as a human was erased. I was surprised that they wanted my name not my number. So, you see here, again, the numbers are part of our stories.
When I think back, it was an extraordinary time, full of promise and hope. But it was also bittersweet. Those of us determined to survive had to focus all our efforts towards survival. We wanted to go home and be reunited with family. We soon realized that home was no more and that families we loved had been brutally murdered.
But after emerging from the abyss, thoughts and feelings returned.
Questions bombarded me. What now? Where is my family? Has anyone survived? If not, what is the point of my own survival?
Those wonderful memories of home no longer existed. Everything shattered.
How will I recapture feelings, so that I could cry and laugh again? How do I learn to love and trust again?
It was not easy to relearn the ordinary skills of life that had been shattered over a six-year period. We had to put our numbers aside, reclaim our names and that of our families and move forward.
We were also sure that when the American soldiers … when they saw the consequences of Nazi racism and brutality … that they would ensure that such things would never happen again. We, the survivors, were certain that the leaders and the citizens of the world would say “Never again!” and commit themselves to turning those words into reality.
Never again! Noble, thought-provoking words, but only if we act upon them. Only then do these words become meaningful.
Today, almost 70 years after my liberation, the promise of “Never again” has become again and again!
There have been a number of situations that have tested the world’s resolve … in Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and now in Darfur, Syria and so many other places, people have been, and continue to be, the victims of genocide.
My eyes have seen unspeakable horrors! I am a witness to the ultimate evil! I am a witness to man’s inhumanity to other human beings! To this day, I cannot grasp how I managed to go through hell and survive.
The promise of being reunited with my family, all my loved ones, was the strong motivator for not giving up, for not losing it and falling into despair. After having come out of the abyss, I remember thinking, What now? I must go home – my family is waiting for me.
Then the questions began. Where are our loved ones? What happened to them? So much devastation! How to cope? So many losses, including our humanity. We became angry and outraged.
We were 426 youngsters among 20,000 adults in Buchenwald. We were brought to Ecouis, France, for our recovery and were told by psychologists that we had become sociopaths who would never recover.
Most of us forged ahead in school and business, raised families and contributed to our communities. In fact, we count among the Buchenwald children such personalities as my friend Elie Wiesel, Nobel Prize winner; and Lulek, Israel’s recent chief rabbi, Israel Meir Lau, and his brother Naphtali.
Simon Wiesenthal, of blessed memory, said, “I believe in God and the World to Come, and when they ask me what did you do? I will say, I did not forget you.”
I want to end with my friend Elie Wiesel’s words: “Zachor, remember, for there is, there must be, hope in remembering.”
The commemoration was presented by the Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre, in partnership with the Norman and Annette Rothstein Theatre and the Vancouver Jewish Film Festival, and with funding from the Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver and Rita Akselrod and family, in memory of Ben Akselrod z”l.
Minister Jason Kenney delivers a speech at the International Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony at Ottawa City Hall. (photo from Government of Canada)
On Jan. 27, the world recognized 70 years since the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp, which coincided with the 10th annual International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. Among the commemorations was a tribute to survivors held at City Hall in Ottawa.
Hosted by Rabbi Reuven P. Bulka of Ottawa’s Congregation Machzikei Hadas, the commemoration was attended by more than 300 people, including the ambassadors of Israel, Poland and Germany; British High Commissioner to Canada Howard Drake; Dr. Andrew Bennett, Canada’s ambassador for religious freedom; and other dignitaries and guests.
Minister Jason Kenney offered remarks on behalf of the Government of Canada. In his speech, he said, “The Holocaust stands alone in human history for its incalculable horror and inhumanity – and yet has a universal message for mankind, a unique power as long as we insist that it be remembered. Just as we are compelled as free individuals to search for meaning, so, too, are we compelled as communities, as societies and as countries to continue to learn lessons from this most dark and tragic chapter of human history.”
He also noted, “As time passes and as we mourn the passing of many members of the generation that witnessed and survived the Nazi era, it has become even more imperative for moral societies like ours to remain firm in that commitment to memory.
“There’s always the risk that the memory of the Shoah could be lost, just as the Holocaust is declared by some not to have happened or, horror of horrors, to have been invented for political gain. Indeed, we have seen in recent public opinion research that the majority of the population of many countries in the world knows nothing of the Shoah. That is why Canada must join with its IHRA partners, the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, in promoting Holocaust research and education around the world.”
Of the IHRA, Kenney said, “Seventy years after the liberation of Auschwitz, today the 31 members and eight observer countries and seven permanent international partners of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance collectively reaffirm our unqualified support for the Stockholm Declaration of 15 years ago as High Commissioner Drake described and, with it, our commitment to remembering and honoring the victims of the Shoah, to upholding its terrible truth, to standing up against those who would distort or deny it and to combating antisemitism and racism in all of their forms.”
At the City Hall commemoration, a tribute in film was also featured, and 93-year-old Holocaust survivor Cantor Moshe Kraus recited El Male Rachamim and the Kaddish, which was followed by the lighting of six candles, each representing one million of the six million Jewish men, women and children murdered 70 years ago.
Earlier in the day, MP Mark Adler delivered a statement on the Holocaust from the floor of the House of Commons (youtu.be/wO-HgyRkUUc) and, later that evening, Kenney and his colleagues attended a ceremony on Parliament Hill.
The Hon. Tim Uppal represented the Government of Canada in Poland. During his speech honoring the survivors, he said, “Canada is a leader in the international fight against antisemitism because it is a Canadian tradition to stand for what is principled and just. Our government is dedicated to ensuring future generations understand the lessons of the Holocaust in order to prevent acts of hate and genocide.”
– Courtesy of Office of the Minister of Employment and Social Development and Minister for Multiculturalism
Mordechai Ronen (Canada) is embraced by Ronald Lauder. (photo by Shahar Azran)
Fifteen Auschwitz survivors, aged 80-94, returned to the infamous camp – some for the first time – ahead of the 70th anniversary celebration of its liberation on Jan. 27. Joining the survivors on their visit was Ronald S. Lauder, president of the World Jewish Congress, who, along with the USC Shoah Foundation, organized the delegation of returning survivors from across the world.
“When I arrived in Poland, the tall trees made me immediately anxious. They reminded me of my arrival to Auschwitz – the same day my mother and little sister were gassed,” said Johnny Pekats, 80, one of the American survivors who returned to the death camp for the first time. “For years, I refused to return to this horrible place, but I finally decided to come back with my son. I wanted to say Kaddish with him there. This is my first and last visit to Auschwitz and my message for the world is that it’s not enough just to remember; we have to make sure that this never happens again.”
More than 100 Auschwitz survivors from at least 19 countries traveled to Poland as part of the WJC delegation to participate in the ceremony.
“I deeply admire the courage of these survivors,” said Lauder, who joined them at Auschwitz. “For some of them, this was the first time they returned to the place of their nightmares. Each survivor is a living testament to the triumph of good over evil, of life over death, and they are my heroes.”
There was also a reception at a Krakow hotel for the survivors and other guests, at which film director and founding chair of the USC Shoah Foundation Steven Spielberg said, “Their testimonies give each survivor everlasting life and give all of us everlasting value. We need to be preserving places like Auschwitz so people can see for themselves how evil ideologies can become tangible acts of murder. My hope for tomorrow’s commemoration is that the survivors will feel confident that we are renewing their call to remember. We will make sure the lessons of the past remain with us in the present so that we can now and forever find humanitarian ways to fight the inhumanity.”
A skull found at the Dan David-Manot Cave supports other evidence that modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved in Africa or in the Middle East, not in Europe. (photo by Clara Amit, Israel Antiquities Authority)
Francesco Berna, a Simon Fraser University assistant professor of archeology, is part of an Israeli-led team of scientists that has unearthed major clues about the first modern humans in northern Israel.
A paper published in Nature on Jan. 28 – co-authored by Berna – documents the discovery of a 55,000-year-old, partial human skull with a distinctive modern human, bun-shaped “occipital” region, at the Dan David-Manot Cave in the western Galilee.
The study involved researchers from the Israel Antiquities Authority, Geological Survey of Israel, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv University, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hebrew University, University of Haifa, University of Vienna, Harvard University, Case-Western University, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Columbia University and SFU. It is headed by Prof. Israel Hershkovitz, Dr. Omry Barzilai and Dr. Ofer Marder, and funded by the Dan David Foundation, Israel Academy of Sciences, Irene Levi Sala CARE Archeological Foundation, Leakey Foundation and IAA.
Berna and his colleagues believe that this skull’s date of origin and where it was found support other evidence that modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved in Africa or in the Middle East, and migrated from there about 65,000 years ago. This contrasts with the hypothesis that the human species first evolved in Europe.
One of the migration routes by which modern humans spread out across the world passes through the Levant (the Mediterranean basin), which is the only land crossing between Africa and Europe, but until now, no modern human remains that date to the period between 65-45 thousand years ago had been discovered.
The Manot skull’s inner and outer surfaces were covered with cave deposits that were dated by means of uranium-thorium to 55,000 YBP (years before present). A morphometric analysis showed it is that of a modern human being with similarities to modern skulls from Africa on the one hand and the ancient skulls of modern humans from Europe on the other.
Berna helped the scientific team understand how ancient humans used Manot Cave at the time of the skull’s origin and how the cave, its archeological remains and the skull got to their present state.
Megan Thibodeau, one of Berna’s graduate students, explored the use of fire in this cave. Their work is helping scientists confirm whether this skull is from the most recent evolution of anatomically modern humans, which showed up in Europe first, and eventually the rest of the world.
“The skull found at Manot is absolutely comparable to ours and different from other skulls of early modern humans previously found in Israel and dated to 100,000 years ago,” explained Berna. “This earlier group of humans had some slight anatomical differences from us.
“But, most importantly, they didn’t produce stone tools, mobile sculptures and cave paintings such as the one that our direct ancestor produced in Europe and the Middle East, starting at around 40,000 years ago. Earlier modern humans apparently hadn’t yet developed our brain.”
To date, five excavation seasons (2010–2014) on behalf of IAA, TAU and BGU have been conducted in the cave, which is located 40 kilometres northeast of the Mt. Carmel prehistoric caves. Preparations are being made by the Ma’ale Yosef Regional Council, Moshav Manot and the Jewish National Fund for the development of the cave for visits by the public.
קנדה וישראל חתמו לאחרונה על הסכם תעופה חדש, שיביא לגידול במספר הטיסות בין שתי המדינות. (צילם: commons.wikimedia.org)
השמיים מתהדקים: יגדל מספר הטיסות בין קנדה לישראל בעקבות חתימה על הסכם חדש
קנדה וישראל חתמו לאחרונה על הסכם תעופה חדש, שיביא לגידול במספר הטיסות בין שתי המדינות. כידוע קנדה וישראל נחשבות לידידות קרובות בשנים האחרונות, אך הסכם התעופה הקודם בוטל בעבר בשל מחלוקת בין המדינות. בפועל נקבעה מדיניות עם מגבלות על מספר הטיסות בין המדינות, שמופעלות על ידי אייר קנדה ואל על. לאייר קנדה טיסה יומית בין טורונטו תל אביב, ולאל על שתי טיסות בשבוע בין תל אביב לטורונטו.
בהתאם להסכם החדש יוכלו שתי החברות להגדיל את מספר הטיסות ל-12 בשבוע (נוסעים ומטען), ולאפשר לחברות תעופה שקשורות בהן גם כן לטוס בין המדינות.
ההסכם כולל גם מזכר להגברת שיתוף הפעולה בנושאים שונים של תחבורה ציבורית, כולל אבטחה שעומדת בראש סדר העדיפויות אצל המדינות.
רשות שדות הפעולה הישראלית מדווחת כי בשנת 2014 טסו כ-148 אלף נוסעים בין קנדה לישראל. מדובר על גידול של כחמישה אחוזים לעומת אשתקד.
גם לחיות מחמד מגיע לחיות: כוחות ההצלה המקומיים רכשו ערכות החייאה להנשמת בעלי חיים שנפגעו משריפות
כוחות ההצלה במחוז בריטיש קולומביה רכשו לאחרונה ערכות החייאה מיוחדות להנשמת בעלי חיים, שנפגעו בשריפות. בתים רבים בקנדה בנויים מעץ ולכן מספר השריפות נחשב גבוה יחסית, בהשוואה לישראל. בעלי חיות מחמד שנפגעו בשריפות עומדים לפעמים חסרי אונים, כי אין בידם היכולת לעזור להם.
עתה מתברר נמצא פתרון למצוקתם של בעלי החיות, עם רכישת ערכות ההצלה היחודיות.
הערכות כוללות מסכות חמצן שמותאמות לפנים של בעלי החיים שנפגעו מעשן, ומאפשרות להם לנשום כראוי. מחיר כל ערכה מוערך בסך הכל ב-150 דולר. הערכות משווקות בשלושה גדלים ומותאמות לחרטומים, שפמים ואפילו מקורים. הנשמת בעלי חיים נחשבת ליעילה יותר מזו של בני אדם, כיוון שלבעלי החיים יש מעברים נפרדים לאף ולפה.
לפני רכישת ערכות יחודיות אלה, כוחות ההצלה נהגו לעיתים להנשים בעלי חיים בעזרת ערכות של תינוקות, שיעילותן נמוכה יותר.
יצוין כי בנוסף כוחות ההצלה של בריטיש קולומביה עוברים לאחרונה קורסים מיוחדים להצלת וטיפול בבעלי חיים, מרגע שנפגעו (ולא רק משריפות) ועד להעברתם למרפאות ובתי חולים וטרינרים.
ישוחרר האוכל התקוע: מתקנים עם חוט דנטלי מוצבים מעתה בשירותים של המסעדות
טרנד חדש במסעדות של מונטריאול שמחפשות גימיקים כל הזמן, למשוך לקוחות וכן לפנק אותם. בחדרי השירותים של חלק מהמסעדות בעיר, ליד הכיורים והמראות, הותקנו מתקנים עם חוט דנטלי לניקוי השניים. רופאי השיניים במחוז קוויבק בוודאי מקבלים את הטרנד החדש בברכה.
לכל אחד מאיתנו זה קורה שלאחר ארוחה מחוץ לבית, נתקעות שאריות של אוכל בין השיניים וזה מציק ומעצבן. ואם אף רוצים להצטלם במסעדה לפייסבוק או סתם למזכרת, עדיף כמובן לעשות זאת עם שיניים נקיות. מעתה ניתן מייד עם סיום הארוחה, לפחות במסעדות של מונטריאול, להיכנס לשירותים, למשוך מהמתקן החדש את החוט הדנטלי באורך הרצוי לנו, להעבירו בין השניים ולהיפטר משאריות האוכל.
קיימים דיספנסרים עם החוטים דנטליים מסוגים וגדלים שונים, וכאלה שאפשר גם לנעול למניעת גניבות. הם סופקים על ידי חברה ממונטריאול בשם ‘אורלג’ם’, הראשונה מסוגה שפועל בקנדה. ‘אורלג’ם’ מתחילה בימים אלה בשיווקם גם למרפאות של רופאי שיניים, בתי מלון, מכוני ספורט ובריאות.
יש לציין כי ישנם מספר נוזלים ודברי מאכל שדווקא תורמים לבריאות וניקיון השניים. בהם: מים, תה ירוק, ירקות, פירות, שורש ליקוריץ ומוצרים שונים שעשירים בויטמינים סי. ודי.
Michelle Dodek is the new president of the Hebrew Free Loan Association. (photo by Naomi Dodek)
The first free loan society in the Vancouver Jewish community was established 100 years ago, in March 1915. It is in this organization that the Hebrew Free Loan Association (HFLA) of Vancouver has its roots. And so, the association will celebrate its centenary this May with a dinner honoring current and past supporters and borrowers.
“The centennial celebration is one of the key projects we’re working on right now,” Michelle Dodek told the Independent. “HFLA has so many success stories, and this event – planned for the evening of Lag b’Omer, May 7, at Beth Israel Synagogue – will give us the chance to share some of them with the community.” Dodek took over as president from Diane Friedman in December. Friedman led the HFLA board for nine years.
“We would like to raise our profile. We joke among ourselves that the HFLA is one of the community’s best-kept secrets. It is challenging for us to publicize what we do because we are serve a niche market,” she explained. “We lend to people who don’t qualify for a bank loan and who also have the means with which to repay a loan. Examples of our borrowers are people who are employed and have encountered difficulties, such as a furnace in need of repair or physiotherapy bills for rehab from an accident. We help old-age pensioners who face the cost of expensive dental work; families with no financial reserves who would like their child to have a nice bar or bat mitzvah; or a new immigrant who needs to buy or lease a car or equipment for a job.”
The concept of interest-free loans, she said, “stems from the Torah itself. In Exodus, parashat Mishpatim, which will be read this year on Feb. 14, it states that a Jew should not charge interest when lending money to other Jews.” This parashah has been used by many founding members of Jewish communities throughout North America to establish organizations similar to Vancouver’s HFLA. “We are affiliated with the International Association of Jewish Free Loans,” Dodek said. “Many of the member organizations were also founded by ‘landsmen’ wanting to help each other when large numbers of Jews began to arrive in communities around North American, about 100 years ago, just like Vancouver’s organization. We all disperse interest-free loans to Jewish people and some member organizations in the States provide interest-free loans to non-Jews, as well.”
The first free-loan society in Vancouver existed until the 1930s, according to HFLA’s website. Another organization, the Achdut Society, was established in 1927 and lasted into the 1960s. In 1979, Shirley Barnett reestablished the Hebrew Assistance Association and, in 2004 – HAA’s 25th anniversary year – HAA was renamed the Hebrew Free Loan Association of Vancouver. From 1979 to 2004, notes the website, HFLA granted more than 1,300 loans, “totaling more than $3.8 million, with virtually all loans having been repaid in full.”
Last year, they dispersed about 40 loans, and they have about 150 loans out in total, said Dodek. “Our numbers are down right now. One of my goals is to build connections in the community to get our mission out to those who would benefit from our service. We have already begun to reach out to different groups and organizations.”
The application process is clearly laid out on the website, as are the terms of repayment. “It’s a relatively easy process with little red tape,” said Dodek. “Once an application is submitted, a board member contacts the borrower within 24 hours. They meet, discuss the application and, at the next board meeting, the loan is dealt with. The board meets twice a month so applications are processed quickly.”
There are various types of loans available: personal (maximum $7,000), emergency (maximum $750) and education, business or other special purpose loans (maximum $10,000), all of which require guarantors.
“We are looking for borrowers,” said Dodek. “We have a strong board with so many fascinating people from all facets of the Jewish community. Our board members include business people and social workers, people who can help applicants, as well.”
The last time HFLA put on a community-wide event was in 2007. The association hopes that the upcoming centennial will increase awareness. Celebrating 100 years in a fairly young community like Vancouver’s is an unusual event.
“On May 7, people will have the rare opportunity to hear from our borrowers in person. We hope to attract a wide cross-section from the Jewish community who will celebrate our amazing history and help us build for the next 100 years. Having an event on Lag b’Omer is significant to our mission because, although people think of it as a holiday of bonfires, the holiday is really about the importance of treating others with respect and dignity. That’s what HFLA is all about. As we look at our amazing past and to our future, we want to help build capacity in our community. We need to reach out, reconnect with our past borrowers and our supporters to act as a referral network, as well as guarantors for future loans so we can lend more money,” Dodek said.
“The Hebrew Free Loan Association changes people’s lives. It enables people to get through a tough situation, to add to their education, to better their situation, to celebrate a milestone – so many things.”
For more information or to become involved, visit hfla.ca, email [email protected] or call 604-428-2832.
Gil Lavieis a freelance correspondent, with articles published in the Jerusalem Post, Shalom Toronto and Tazpit News Agency. He has a master’s of global affairs from the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto.
Moishe House Toronto’s first residents at the opening housewarming party on Jan. 17. Left to right are Aaron Savatti, Abigail Engelsman, Jillian Windman and Amanda Snow. (photo by Aliza Markovitch)
Earlier this month, Moishe House opened its doors for the first time in Toronto, providing Jewish 20-somethings there a home from which to connect to each other locally, as well as to one of the largest Jewish networks in North America.
Located in the Annex neighborhood, a cultural centre near the University of Toronto, Moishe House Toronto becomes the second Moishe House in Canada after Vancouver, which opened in 2011. Moishe House Toronto, which officially opened the night of Jan. 17 with more than 150 guests attending its first program, will be home to four residents. The young professionals will dedicate a portion of their free time to hosting seven-plus programs a month, ultimately reaching more than 1,000 young adults in total attendance over the course of the first year.
“Toronto is an amazing city and a real hub for young adults. We are thrilled to partner with the local community to bring Moishe House to the Toronto area,” said David Cygielman, founder and chief executive officer of Moishe House. “We are looking forward to our four new residents turning their home into a vibrant Jewish gathering place for their peers in Canada’s largest city!”
The four Moishe House Toronto residents are between the ages of 24-26 and bring their own unique story to the Toronto Jewish community. For example, Aaron Savatti’s grandfather started the Moroccan Jewish community in Toronto and his mother followed in his footsteps. Amanda Snow was born and raised in Thornhill, Ont., and currently works as a fund development coordinator at the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada. Abigail Engelman was born in London, England, and moved to Toronto in 2012 to work as a digital advertising executive. And Jillian Windman, whose grandparents emigrated from Poland after the Second World War, was born and raised in Toronto; she has led four organized trips to Israel as a mentor for the 2014-2015 Birthright training program.
In addition to the ongoing programs held one to two times per week, residents and participants will also be able to participate in Moishe House-sponsored Learning and Leadership Retreats and network with all North American Moishe House residents at the annual Resident Leadership Conference this summer. Beyond the organization’s own offerings, Moishe Houses serve as an entry point into Jewish life in general, opening the eyes of participants to other opportunities to engage in the Jewish community by partnering with various local organizations.
The opening of Moishe House Toronto is part of a major Moishe House International growth strategy aiming to double the number of Jewish, young-adult, peer-led communities worldwide by 2017. Currently, there are 74 Moishe Houses in 17 countries that engage more than 5,200 young Jews in programs year-round, and reach more than 88,000 in total attendance annually. The latest Moishe House is being launched through a group of Jewish communal leaders and annual philanthropists.
Founded in 2006, Moishe House uses a peer-to-peer and home-based model to engage Jewish young adults in their twenties in a non-denominational setting that builds community. The Moishe House model empowers young adults to become facilitators and leaders of their own Jewish community. Typical Moishe House programs include Shabbat dinners, Jewish holiday celebrations, sporting events, book clubs, social events and community service opportunities. To find out more, visit moishehouse.org.