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"The Basketball Game" is a graphic novel adaptation of the award-winning National Film Board of Canada animated short of the same name – intended for audiences aged 12 years and up. It's a poignant tale of the power of community as a means to rise above hatred and bigotry. In the end, as is recognized by the kids playing the basketball game, we're all in this together.

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Tag: Disapora

Israel’s new Ethiopian airlift

Israel’s new Ethiopian airlift

Candance Kwinter, far right, and other members of a foreign delegation to Ethiopia, take in a synagogue service in Gondar. (photo from Candace Kwinter)

The latest airlift from the Horn of Africa is underway – and a Vancouver community leader was on the plane from Addis Ababa recently with 179 Ethiopian Jews making aliyah.

Candace Kwinter flew to Ethiopia at the end of May, where she met up with three other Canadians, a group from North and South America and a team of Israelis. In addition to being chair of the Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver, Kwinter is on the board of the Jewish Agency for Israel and sits on numerous JAFI committees.

Pnina Tamano-Shata, Israel’s minister of immigrant absorption, who was born in Ethiopia in 1981 and is the first Ethiopian-Israeli cabinet minister, was also on the trip. So was Micah Feldman, author of the book On Wings of Eagles: The Secret Operation of the Ethiopian Exodus, who was able to contextualize what first-timers were witnessing.

A trickle of Jewish refugees has traveled from eastern Africa to Israel (and pre-state Palestine) since the 1930s, at least. From the beginning of the Ethiopian civil war, in 1974, through the catastrophic famine on the Horn of Africa in the early 1980s, rescue missions ramped up. Operation Moses, in 1984/85, brought about 8,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel, primarily from refugee camps in Sudan. Operation Solomon, in 1991, brought more than 14,000 Ethiopians.

The current airlift, called Operation Tzur Israel (Rock of Israel), is expected to bring more than 2,000 olim over six months. The Ethiopian Airlines flight that Kwinter was on was the first of several. When this mission is complete, there will be an estimated 10,000 Jews left in Ethiopia.

The Jewish identity of the olim is, in some cases, contested. The Ethiopians have included Beta Israel, people who follow Jewish traditions that would be recognizable to most observant Jews worldwide. They also include Falash Mura, members of Beta Israel communities who, since the advent of Christian missionizing in the area, have been converted, sometimes forcibly.

photo - The first plane of Operation Tzur Israel to land in Israel was met with fanfare. It brought 179 Ethiopian Jews to their new home
The first plane of Operation Tzur Israel to land in Israel was met with fanfare. It brought 179 Ethiopian Jews to their new home. (photo from Candace Kwinter)

The current project is entirely based on family reunification. Kwinter noted that, since the airlifts began 40 years ago, Ethiopian Jews have migrated primarily from the more rural Gondar area to cities, mostly the capital Addis Ababa. This migration has several corollaries, said Kwinter. Unlike the first olim of decades ago, these new Israelis are familiar with electricity and plumbing, although they may not have access to them at home. They may also have intermarried. So, while siblings who have been separated for decades are reunited, in some cases the nieces and nephews (and the Ethiopian spouses) may not be halachically Jewish. In these cases, they will undergo conversions.

Kwinter and the other foreign representatives flew to Gondar to see how Jews had lived for centuries and where some still reside.

“We went to an ancient synagogue, then we went to an ancient Jewish cemetery,” she said. “It’s very primitive, it’s nothing like we can imagine. It’s like they’re still living the way people did three, four or five hundred years ago.”

The villages, which have typically 100 or 200 Jews, were always located on rivers or streams, Kwinter said, “because they still believed in the mikvah. Women had menstrual tents, like from ancient days. In their time, they had to be put in their tents and they needed the freshwater to provide for these old rituals.”

The synagogue services were, at once, unlike anything Kwinter had seen before and yet entirely familiar. The dirt-floor synagogue was filled with several hundred men and women, sitting separately, the women all in white shawls, men wearing tallit and many laying tefillin.

Kwinter was saying Kaddish for her mother, who passed away just weeks before the trip, and she had no problem following the service.

Next door, a 10-foot-by-10-foot tin shack made up the Talmud Torah, with an open fire pit that served hundreds of meals to children and pregnant women in the community.

Although the transition facing these migrants will certainly not be easy, the latest newcomers have it smoother than some of the earlier ones, who fled during times of war and famine, many losing family members and being terrorized by thugs while walking across mountains to Sudanese refugee camps.

The delegation also met with Israel’s ambassador to Ethiopia, Aleligne Admasu, who was born in Ethiopia and made aliyah in 1983.

The operation will cost about $10 million US and is funded by Jewish federations and JAFI. Once the olim arrive in Israel, they will receive the services offered to immigrants, including Hebrew-language ulpan. Unlike native-born Israelis, most of whom do their military service before university, Ethiopian-Israelis generally complete their schooling first to ensure language proficiency, Kwinter said.

There were 179 Ethiopians on Kwinter’s flight – one was held back after testing positive for COVID. Few Ethiopians have received the COVID vaccine and most of the olim will receive them on arrival, along with the sort of routine vaccines that Israelis and Canadians receive in childhood.

Time flew on the five-hour flight, Kwinter said.

“We had lots of things for the kids to do, like sticker books, candies and all that kind of thing,” she said. “We got to know them all, even though we didn’t speak the same language.”

Ethiopian-born Jewish Agency officials were on board to translate, if necessary, but it wasn’t necessary, Kwinter said.

“You didn’t need to translate,” she said. “The kids were crawling all over us. It was the best plane ride ever. For five hours, it felt like five minutes. I wouldn’t have wanted to be a flight attendant because I don’t know how they got up and down the aisles because it was chaotic. It wasn’t like a regular plane ride.”

When the plane landed, there was a major ceremony marking the beginning of the new operation, with plenty of media coverage. Then the Ethiopians were transported to another part of the airport, where their family members were waiting to be reunited, some of them having not seen one another in decades.

“The very elderly would kiss the ground,” said Kwinter. “Everybody got an Israeli flag, and there was lots of singing and dancing and music.… It was really quite remarkable.”

While the Ethiopians were on a life-altering journey, Kwinter’s travels were hectic in a different way. She was on a plane every day for seven days and, a couple of days after returning home, she tested positive for COVID, as did many of the Americans.

Reflecting on the experience, Kwinter is filled with gratitude.

“Thank God for Israel that we can do this,” she said. “Thank God for world Jewry. Thank God for federations that collect money, and we can save all these lives. I come from a family of survivors and my husband as well. If we didn’t have Israel, we wouldn’t be able to do this and we’d be living another Holocaust again, I believe, all over the world.”

Format ImagePosted on July 22, 2022July 20, 2022Author Pat JohnsonCategories IsraelTags aliyah, Candace Kwinter, Disapora, Ethiopia, federations, Israel, JAFI, Jewish Agency, olim, Operation Tzur Israel
Honouring community

Honouring community

In her recently published book, Shalom Uganda: A Jewish Community on the Equator, Vancouverite Janice Masur writes about her life in Kampala, Uganda, where she moved as a child of 5 and stayed until the age of 17 in 1961, leaving just before Uganda achieved independence in 1962. The small Jewish community of Kampala has been all but forgotten, its history mostly undocumented and lost to time.

JI: How did the idea for this book come about, and when did you begin researching and writing it?

photo - Janice Masur
Janice Masur (photo courtesy)

JM: The idea originated in a modern East African history class I attended at Simon Fraser University. I began writing in 2005, traveling to interview octogenarians and nonagenarians, who [earlier in their lives] had arrived in Kampala. They included Holocaust survivors, individuals who might otherwise have gone to Kenya but could not afford to pay the required head tax, and those who arrived on work contracts of two to four years.

JI: Why was it important for you to try to capture the history of Jewish life in Kampala?

JM: I wanted to both document and honour my small Jewish community on the equator, an imploded star vanished in the diasporic galaxy. While many people are familiar with the Abayudayah who, in 1921, converted to Judaism in passive rebellion against British rule, my community is almost completely forgotten. There’s not even a cemetery to mark the existence of 23 secular families who, without a rabbi, Torah or synagogue managed to create a small, cohesive, but unreligious community. There is a great paucity of research literature on this topic and I have been told that, presently, Shalom Uganda is likely the only scholarship devoted to the Jewish community in Kampala.

JI: How did spending some of your formative years in Kampala leave a lasting imprint on your life?

JM: To this day I love mangos, and growing up in Kampala has made me feel comfortable in the company of all ethnic groups. This long-forgotten colonial world included boarding school attendance and, though much-hated, this education provided me with some excellent life lessons.

JI: Do you have any inclination to return to Uganda to visit or live?

JM: I have not had the courage to return yet, and think that perhaps memories are best left to glitter in the distance. I know that the town is much more densely populated and built up now than it was when I left, and that the red murram country roads are in ill repair.

image - Shalom Uganda book coverJI: Who do you believe will benefit most from reading this book?

JM: My intent is to place this book in all major libraries worldwide. It seems that all who have read Shalom Uganda so far seem to have learnt a new fact, enjoyed the memoir or want to tell me how their life was or wasn’t similar to mine. So, I believe that the book will be well read among a Jewish following or among scholars thirsting for information about Jewish history and life in far-flung places last century. I hope others enjoy reading my writing effort. It is a relief to have the story out in the open.

Lauren Kramer, an award-winning writer and editor, lives in Richmond. To read her work online, visit laurenkramer.net.

Format ImagePosted on July 10, 2020July 9, 2020Author Lauren KramerCategories BooksTags Disapora, history, Janice Masur, memoir, Shalom Uganda
נגד “הרשימה השחורה”

נגד “הרשימה השחורה”

הרב אדם שאייר מנהיג קהילת ‘שער השמים’ במונטריאול יוצא נגד הרבנות הראשית. (צילום: מקהילת שער השמים)

הרב הראשי של קהילת ‘שער שמיים’ במונטריאול, אדם שאייר, יוצא בחריפות נגד פעילותה של הרבנות הראשית בישראל, שלדבריו פסלה אותו. הרב שאייר ביקר בישראל לאחרונה ואף השתתף בישיבת ועדת העלייה, הקליטה והתפוצות של הכנסת, כדי לשטוח את טענותיו הקשות נגד התנהלות הרבנות. הרב שאייר הוא הרב הבכיר הנמנה על “הרשימה השחורה” של הרבנות הראשית, הכוללת 160 רבנים מעשרים וארבע מדינות כולל ארה”ב, קנדה, אנגליה ודרום אפריקה. בהם רבנים אורתודוכסים בכירים ביהדות החרדית, ומחסידות חב”ד. הרבנים שנמנים על “הרשימה השחורה” לא הוכרו על ידי הרבנות לנושאי בירור יהדות ומעמד אישי.

דבר “הרשימה השחורה” שפורסמה בחודש יולי אשתקד עורר תגובות נזעמות בארץ ובחו”ל. יו”ר ‘עתים’ (עמותה המסייעת למי שנתקל בקשיים מול הממסד הדתי), הרב שאול פרבר, אמר כי “הרשימה השחורה” היא תעודת עניות להתנהלותה של הרבנות הראשית, מול יהדות התפוצות. הוא הוסיף: “אני תוהה מי הסמיך את הרבנות להחליט שרב של קהילה מסויימת בחו”ל אינו מקובל, ולפיכך חברי קהילתו אינם יהודים. הרבנות מנסה להפוך את עצמה לסמכות הבלעדית, והתנהגות זאת מביאה את העולם היהודי כולו לחשוש מן הבאות, ולגנות בתוקף את המגמה הפסולה הזו”.

הרב שאייר אמר בישיבת הוועדה: “אין לי אישור מהרבנות לחתן כיוון שהיא פסלה אותי. הרבנות גורמת לחלול השם. הם לא אמרו לי כי נדחתי, ורק שלחו לי מכתב שאולי אני לא יהיה מאושר. אני רב אמיתי והסמכתי לגיטימית. נפגעתי אישית מזה שהרבנות דחתה אותי ואת ההסמכה שלי. היא פוגעת ביכולת שלי לשרת את העם היהודי. המצב הקיים גורם לחוסר אמון ביני כמנהיג קהילה גדולה, לבין חבריה, החוששים לעלות לישראל ולהתחתן בה, מחשש שלא יוכרו בה כיהודים. זה פוגע במעמדי ובמוניטין שלי. הדבר הגיע לידי כך, שרבנים אחרים ממלצים לזוגות שלא לפנות אלי לעריכת חופה”. בדיון נכח גם מנכ”ל הרבנות הראשית לישראל, משה דגן. הרב שאייר הטיח בו: “בפעם הבאה לפני שאתם שוללים אותי, אני מזמין אתכם לבקר בבית הכנסת שלי. זו בהחלט תהיה חווית למידה”.

דגן אמר בתגובה כי הרבנות לא יצרה כביכול “רשימה שחורה” של רבנים בחו”ל. הוא הוסיף: “הדמגוגיה הזו שכביכול יצרנו רשימה של רבנים לא מוכרים, זה דבר שקר. הרבנות ובתי הדין אישרו את הרב שאייר, אך הם מחוייבים לבדוק את אמיתות המסמכים שהוצגו להם מטעמו. לא הספקנו לפנות לרב שאייר כיוון שיש לנו עומס עבודה רב. למחלקת האישות והגירות מגיעים כשלושת אלפים אישורים מדי שנה, ורק עובד אחד ושני סטודנטים מטפלים בכל הבקשות”. מנכ”ל הרבנות ביקש להוסיף עוד: “ההחלטות של הרבנות הוצאו מהקשרן. אני מיצר על פגיעה ברבנים כתוצאה ממה שהוצג על ידי אחרים “כרשימה שחורה”, ומתנצל על פירסומה. הטיוטה והקריטריונים להכרה ברבני חו”ל כבר גובשה, והיא נשלחה לארגוני הרבנים בעולם. לאחר קבלת התייחסותם, כמתחייב, הם ידונו ויאושרו במועצת הרבנות הראשית”.

הרב שאייר המשמש גם סגן נשיא ועד רבני קנדה, נחשב למקורב לראש ממשלת קנדה, ג’סטין טרודו. הוא אף ביקר עם טרודו באתר מחנה ההשמדה אושוויץ לפני כקרוב לשנתיים. הרב שאייר שימש גם כרבו של הזמר ליאונרד כהן, אף הוא חבר בקהילתו שנפטר אשתקד.

קהילת ‘שער שמים’ האותודורכסית נוסדה בשנת 1846 בווסטמאונט מונטריאול והיא מונה כיום כאלף וארבע מאות משפחות. הקהילה מחזיקה בבית הכנסת האותודוכסי הגדול ביותר בקנדה.

Format ImagePosted on February 28, 2018February 27, 2018Author Roni RachmaniCategories עניין בחדשותTags Adam Scheier, Chief Rabbinate, Disapora, Israel, Judaism, Shaar Hashomayim, אדם שאייר, הרבנות הראשית, התפוצות, יהדות, ישראל, שער השמים
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