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April 13, 2012
Ethiopians uncover heritage
Teens learn about immigration story in oral history project.
ARIEH O’SULLIVAN THE MEDIA LINE
“Two interrogators came to my cell and said, ‘So, you’re the traitor. You are the one who wants to be a white man.’ I told them, ‘No. I’m not a spy, just a teacher,’” recalled Yaacov Elias.
Elias was tortured and jailed for more than two years by the Marxist government in Ethiopia for Zionist activities in the late 1970s before moving to Israel. Decades later, he is telling a group of high school students gathered in his living room about his experience.
“I was tortured six different ways and it hurts me just to tell you about it,” he says in low voice. “They hung me from a tree and beat the daylights out of me. They bent my back to my feet till I thought my spine was going to break.”
Yasmine and Batel, two high school juniors interviewing Elias, squirm in their seats. Two of their classmates are handling the technical part: Yuval zooms in with his video camera while Yosef manoeuvres the microphone boom.
They have taken on the endeavor with two missions in mind. One is to use oral history to teach Israeli high school students filmmaking and interviewing techniques by getting Elias and the other Ethiopians who were jailed because of their Judaism and Zionist activities (referred to as “Prisoners of Zion”) to talk about their experiences. The other is teach Israeli high school students, most of whom were born in Israel to Ethiopian parents, about the heroic struggle of their community in the late 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s to leave Ethiopia and come to Israel. Retelling the history aims to boost the self-esteem of the men and women who led the struggle as well as the next generation that benefited by it.
“I’m involved because it is important for us. I want to know what our parents had to go through to get to Israel and it is not to be taken for granted that we are here and we need to know this. Especially as time goes on we forget,” Yuval Tamano, 16, told this reporter.
Ethiopian-born filmmaker David Gavro is guiding the students in video, editing and interviewing techniques and serves as a role model.
“This video film is a tool, really. It’s aimed at having them meet their history. I’m the professional and they are experiencing the stories and the encounter with these people. We had kids whose parents were Prisoners of Zion and who knew nothing about it all until we put them before the camera,” Gavro explained.
For the Jews of Ethiopia making the journey to Israel, reaching the Promised Land was not an easy endeavor. More than 4,000 perished along the way and were buried in unmarked graves in the deserts of Ethiopia and Sudan.
In a stunning feat in 1991, Israel brought more than 14,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel in one weekend in Operation Solomon. They joined some 10,000 who had managed to arrive or be airlifted in the 1980s. Today, there are an estimated 90,000 Ethiopians living in Israel.
The community overall has had a troubled absorption in Israel. One explanation for this difficulty is that a large number came from farming villages and were unprepared for modern life. Indeed, many remain poor and unemployed. The younger generation, however, has embraced Israel, fighting the stigma of coming from an underprivileged community, sometimes at the expense of their being aware of their own heritage or family history.
This is where ATZUM, a nongovernmental organization set up about a decade ago to encourage social activism, has stepped in. Launching Project Abrah (illuminate in Amharic), ATZUM has brought together high school kids, mostly from Ethiopian backgrounds, to interview prominent individuals and Prisoners of Zion from Ethiopia.
“We want to bring honor and recognition to the Ethiopian Prisoners of Zion and [other immigrants], to tell stories, and their story isn’t known by Israeli society,” said project coordinator Yael Rosen. “We also want to empower high school students and raise self-esteem for those who are Ethiopians, so they can know more about their heritage, know more about what their parents went through and know more about their own community and, for non-Ethiopians, really, to give them a window into the Ethiopian community, which is a community that Israeli society at large has so much to learn from.”
The students’ videos will be combined into one film to be screened in various communal and educational settings, allowing the message to be spread widely.
Batel Cohen, 17, said she got involved because it was important for people to break out of the bubble of their own lives. “I want to know the stories of other families, not just my own or in my ethnic group,” she said. “This will help the image of the Ethiopian community a lot. It will show people a side they never saw.”
Elias is proud of his role in helping bring the bulk of Ethiopian Jewry to Israel in the 1990s. As a youth in the 1950s, he was chosen to come to Israel for schooling. He was sent back as an emissary and taught Hebrew and Zionism to Ethiopian Jews until he was jailed. He returned to Israel in 1984 and worked to help absorb the community into the country.
Elias and scores of others were imprisoned or exiled for their Zionist activities, yet few are aware of this. Prisoners of Zion is a term that was used usually in reference to Jews of the former Soviet Union who suffered the same fate. Today, Elias is retired and lives in a high-rise apartment in Rishon Lezion, south of Tel Aviv.
“Maybe we didn’t toot our own horn enough or the media didn’t write about us enough,” Elias said. “Still, it was my fate to be part of this history of immigration of the Ethiopian Jewry and their absorption in Israel. I helped a lot in the areas where I was able to help.”
Many of the Ethiopians who dealt with torture and hardships never spoke about their experiences, not even to their own children, he explained. Glancing at the teenagers in his living room, he said that he was warmed by the students’ interest in their history and that he hopes the film will enhance the image of the Ethiopian community.
“Exactly,” said filmmaker Gavro about the long silence. “That’s because many times the Jews of Ethiopia went through humiliations along the way, they buried a lot relatives and don’t even remember where they are buried. So it is an open wound they are trying to forget. There are stories you’ll never fathom, difficult stories.”
Yuval agreed. “When we’d ask our parents, they tried to ignore us or say, go to your room but, with this project, we have been able to find people who are willing to talk about it and share their experiences with us and perhaps afterwards our parents will share a little with me.”
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